Ixabisa malini i-E-Iinki yokuBonisa iXabiso?

Iimodyuli zokubonisa ezingenanto zixabisa malunga$5–$300, iikhithi zophuhliso ezineebhodi zabaqhubi zibiza malunga$10–$450, kwaye egqityiweyo -imiboniso yephepha ixabisa malunga$800–$2,500.

I-2.9-intshi e{4}}imodyuli ye-inki ixabisa i-$15. A 25-intshi e-inki monitor ixabisa $2,000. Oku akusiyo itypo. Le yinyani yemarike elawulwa yinkampani enye, enyanzelwa ngamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza, kwaye ilambile kukhuphiswano.

Indawo yeXabiso

Awona manani okwenene ayakhwankqisa ngokoluhlu lwawo.

Kwisiphelo esincinci{0}}1.5" ukuya kwi-2.9" iiphanelikwiileyibhile zeshelufu ze-elektroniki kunye nezixhobo zoluvo ze-IoT{0}}ujonge kwi-$5 ukuya kwi-$20 yeemodyuli ezingenanto, i-$10 ukuya kwi-$30 eneebhodi zomqhubi. Amaxabiso ezinto ezithengiswayo. Imarike ye-ESL iqhube imiqulu ephezulu ngokwaneleyo ukwenza ezi zifikeleleke ngokwenene.

I4.2" ukuya ku-5.8" uluhluigubungela izinto ezinokunxiba kunye neziboniso ezincinci. Amaxabiso akhwela ukuya kwi-$18–$45 yeemodyuli ezingenanto, i-$25–$60 eneebhodi zomqhubi{5}}zisesengqiqweni kwiiprojekthi ezininzi.

I-intshi ezintandathukulapho abathengi abaninzi baqala ukudibana ne{0}}i-inki. I-Kindle Paperwhite. Ifomathi yaphuculwa kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu. Lo ngumgangatho womfundi we-e{4}, kwaye amaxabiso abonisa oko kukhula: $30 ukuya kwi $65 yemodyuli, $45 ukuya kwi $80 ngebhodi yabaqhubi. Ayitshiphu, kodwa ayicaphukisi. Uhlawula malunga ne-$5–$10 nge-intshi yediagonal nganye kobu bungakanani.

Emva koko igophe linyuka ngokukhawuleza.

Kwaye ke kukho iIklasi ye-25.3-intshi-idesktop e{1}}iimonitha ze-inki, umnenga omhlophe we{2} welizwe lephepha. Iindleko zephaneli ekrwada zibethe i-$800–$1,200. Iimonitha ezigqityiweyo zithengisa i-$ 1,500- $ 2,500. Uqoqosho olulapha alunangqiqo, kodwa siyakufika kuloo nto.

Umbala utshintsha yonke into.Iziboniso zombala zibiza i-1.5× ukuya kwi-3× ngaphezu kokulingana kwazo kwe-monochrome kuyo yonke iklasi yobukhulu. A 13.3-intshi Kaleido 3 imodyuli yombala ithengisa i-$449 esuka kwivenkile esemthethweni ka-E Ink{9}}kwaye yiphaneli nje. Igalari 3 iiphaneli ezinemibala egcweleyo enemibala engama-50,000 iyalela iiprimiyamu eziphezulu, nangona amaxabiso athe ngqo akafane achazwe esidlangalaleni.

La maxabiso akakahambi kakuhle kwishumi leminyaka. Loo nto iyodwa ikuxelela ukuba kukho into eyonakeleyo.

Kutheni E-i-Ink ixabisa ntoni

I-E Ink Holdings, inkampani yaseTaiwan, ilawulaI-95% yemarike ye-e{1} yokubonisa iphepha yehlabathi. Vumela elo nani lingene. Ngalo lonke uhlobo. Yonke iKobo. Yonke into ephawulekayo. Yonke iBhokisi. Yonke i-Supernote. Yonke ileyibhile yeshelufu ye-elektroniki kuyo yonke ivenkile enkulu, yonke ikhemesti, yonke indawo yokugcina impahla. Zonke zisebenzisa iiphaneli ze-E Ink.

Olu ayilogunya lokuthengisa. Le yi monopoly.

Ibali lemvelaphi yenkampani libuyela emva kwiMIT's Media Lab kwiminyaka yoo-1990, apho abaphandi baphuhlisa iteknoloji ye-electrophoretic engundoqo ye-microencapsulated. I-spin-inkampani ye-spin, i-E Ink Corporation, yafunyanwa yi-Prime View International yaseTaiwan ngo-2009. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, ngo-2012, i-E Ink yafunxa i-SiPix, ekuphela kwenkampani eyayikhuphisana nayo ngelo xesha. Isiphumo sikhonkco lonikezelo kunye ne-chokepoint enye.

Xa uthenga nasiphi na isixhobo se-e{0}}sephepha nakuwuphi na umenzi, imali yakho ekugqibeleni iphumela kwinkampani enye e-Hsinchu, eTaiwan.

Ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza zenza ukuba imonopoly ihlale ixesha elide.I-core microencapsulated electrophoretic display patent, efakwe kwi-1996, iphelile. Ngokwethiyori, oku bekufanele ukuba kuvule amasango ezikhukula. Nabani na kufuneka akwazi ukwenza {3}imiboniso yephepha esebenzisa ubuchwephesha obusisiseko.

Kodwa i-E Ink ayizange iphumle ngelaxesha lepatent{0}}iminyaka ekhuselweyo.

Inkampani ichitha malungaI-150 yezigidi zeedola ngonyaka kwi-R&D-phakathi{1}}kwipesenti yolutsha lwengeniso. Kumenzi womboniso, oku kuphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga. I-Samsung Display, esebenza kumlinganiselo omkhulu kakhulu, ichitha ipesenti encinci yengeniso kuphando. Ukuqina kwe-E Ink's R&D ikhuphisana neenkampani ezixuba amayeza.

Olu tyalo-mali luvelisa iifayili zepatent eziqhubekayo. Uluhlu lwesihluzi sombala. Ukuhlaziya ngokukhawuleza iifom zamaza. Iinxalenye zeplastiki eziguquguqukayo. Ukuphuculwa komlinganiselo wokuchasana. Umsebenzi ophantsi{5}}wobushushu. Isizukulwana ngasinye setekhnoloji sizisa ipropathi entsha yengqondo. Indawo nganye entsha yongeza omnye umaleko kwinqaba.

Ukuphelelwa kwelungelo lomenzi wokuqala akutshintshi nto. Le nqaba yavelisa iindonga ezintsha.

Nawuphi na umntu okhuphisana naye ozama ukungena emarikeni ujongene nokukhetha: ilayisenisi yetekhnoloji ye-Ink ye-Ink (kwaye yamkele amandla abo amaxabiso), phuhlisa iindlela ezizezinye ezizulazula kumawakawaka amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza (indleko kunye nexesha{0}}elidlayo), okanye amkele ukuba iimveliso zabo ziya kuba ngaphantsi ngokwethekhinoloji (kwaye ngoko ke azinakuthengiseka).

Kukwakho umjikelo okhohlakeleyo ekudlalweni onceda umntu olawula yedwa. Ingeniso yonyaka ye-E Ink iyonke ijikeleza malunga nebhiliyoni enye yeedola. Oku kuvakala ngathi kuninzi de uyithelekise nemarike yephaneli yokubonisa yehlabathi, edlula i-150 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka. -iphepha lithatha iqhezu leshishini lokubonisa.

Imarike encinci ithetha umthamo omncinci wemveliso. I-E Ink isebenza ngamalaphu amancinci xa kuthelekiswa nobukhulu beGen 10.5 izibonelelo ezisetyenziswa yi-BOE kunye ne-Samsung kwi-LCD kunye nemveliso ye-OLED. Imiqulu emincinci ithetha ukuba akukho qoqosho lwesikali. Amaxabiso amiselweyo okwenziwa{4}}kwamagumbi okucoca, izixhobo, abasebenzi bobunjineli{5}}asasazwa kwiiyunithi ezimbalwa.

Akukho qoqosho lwesikali luthetha ukuba amaxabiso ahlala ephezulu. Iphaneli ye-inki eyi-6-e{8}}ixabisa i-$30–$60. Iphaneli ye-LCD eyi-6-intshi ixabisa i-$3–$8. Iinkqubo zokuvelisa zabelana ngokufana, kodwa umahluko wevolumu udala i-gap yomyalelo wobungakanani bexabiso.

Amaxabiso aphezulu anciphisa ukwamkelwa. Abathengi bajonga kwi-e{1}}izixhobo ze-inki, babone iprimiyamu ngaphezu kweLCD ezizezinye, kwaye bahlala bekhetha ukhetho olungabizi kakhulu. Abavelisi besixhobo banciphisa ie{3}}imigca yemveliso ye-inki ngenxa yokuba imakethi incinci.

Ukwamkelwa okulinganiselweyo kugcina imakethi incinci. Kwaye umjikelo uyaqhubeka.

Oku kukuzomeleza{0}}kumgibe owaphuka kuphela ukuba umntu utyala iibhiliyoni zeedola ukufikelela kwisikali{1}}okanye ukuba utshintsho olukhulu lwetekhnoloji lwenza ukuba ukwenziwa kwangoku kungabinamsebenzi. Akhange kwenzeke. Ayibonakali ikufuphi.

Uthelekiso lweLCD

Umsantsa wamaxabiso phakathi kwe{0}}inki kunye ne-LCD ufuna ukuhoywa okucacileyo, kuba ibonisa indlela eligqwetheke ngayo ixabiso le-e{1}}lephepha.

Kubukhulu obuyi-6-intshi{2}}e{3}}inqanaba lokufunda{6}}iphaneli yeLCD ixabisa i-$3 ukuya kwi-$8. Iphaneli ye-inki ixabisa i-$30 ukuya kuma-60 eerandi. Yiloo ntoI-8 × ukuya kwi-10 × i-premiumye{0} yephepha. Zombini itekhnoloji zivuthiwe. Zombini zenziwe ngezikali (nangona zahluke kakhulu). I-e{4}intlawulo ye-inki ayinakuchazwa ngokuntsokotha kwemveliso kuphela.

Kwii-intshi ezili-10, iipaneli ze-LCD ziqhuba i-$ 8 ukuya kwi-15 yeedola. E{3}}iiphaneli ze-inki zixabisa i-$100 ukuya kwi-$180. Umlinganiselo uye waba mandundu ukuya10 × ukuba 12 ×. Ungathenga iipaneli zeLCD ezilishumi ngexabiso lee{1}}yephaneli yeinki enye.

Iklasi yesayizi engama-25-ye-intshi ibonisa ububhanxa ngokupheleleyo. A 25{4}}intshi LCD panel -uhlobo ngaphakathi kwiofisi esisiseko monitor-ixabisa $40 ukuya $80. A 25-intshi e-inki panel ixabisa $800 ukuba $1,200. Yiloo nto aI-15 × ukuya kwi-20 × i-premium.

Imonitha ye-LCD eyi-25{4}intshi egqityiweyo ithengisa ngaphantsi kweedola ezili-100 kwintengiso, kuquka indawo yolawulo, ii-elektroniki zomqhubi, indawo ebiyelweyo, unikezelo lwamandla, kunye nomda wenzuzo. A egqityiweyo 25-intshi e-inki monitor ithengisa $2,000 okanye ngaphezulu.

Itekhnoloji yahlukile, ewe. I-E{1}}i-inki ifuna ukwenziwa kwamaza ngendlela echanekileyo. Inkqubo yokuvelisa isebenzisa i-microencapsulation kunokulungelelaniswa kwekristale yolwelo. Izivuno zinokuba ngaphantsi, ukunyamezela kuqiniswe.

Kodwa ngaba iteknoloji i-15 × ukuya kwi-20 × inzima ngakumbi? Ngaba yi-15× ukuya kwi-20× kubiza ngakumbi ukwenza isikali esilinganayo?

Hayi. Umahluko wexabiso awuthetheleleki ngeteknoloji yodwa. Ithethelelwa ngolwakhiwo lwemarike. Xa inkampani enye ilawula unikezelo kwaye ingajongani nokhuphiswano, amaxabiso abonisa amandla entengiso, hayi iindleko zokwenziwa.

Itekhnoloji yoMbala: iKaleido, iGalari, kunye neSpectra

Umbala we-e{0}i-inki ufikile, kodwa kwiincasa ezininzi ezineempawu ezahlukileyo kakhulu kunye namanqaku amaxabiso.

Kaleido

Kaleidoimele ubunzima be-E Ink-isisombululo sombala wemarike. Itekhnoloji ibeka uluhlu lwesihluzo sombala (CFA) ngaphezulu komgangatho omnyama{2}}kunye{3}}nomhlophe we-e{4}}umaleko we-inki{5}}ngokwengqikelelo efana nendlela iLCD ebonisa ngayo ivelisa umbala, nangona ubuchwephesha be-pixel obusezantsi bohluka ngokupheleleyo. Isiphumo:Imibala ye-4,096 kwi-150 PPIUkulungiswa kombala, kunye nomaleko wemonochrome ongaphantsi usazisa 300 PPI kumnyama-kunye{2}}nomxholo omhlophe. Isicatshulwa sihlala sibukhali kuba sinikezela ngesisombululo esipheleleyo. Imibala yemifanekiso ibonakala ithulisiwe kwaye ingaphantsi-isigqibo kuba ihluzwe ngeCFA.

Amaxabiso okuhlaziya ahlala amkelekile ekufundeni{0}}athelekiseka neepaneli zemonochrome. Awuyi kuqaphela ulibaziseko olubalulekileyo xa utyhila amaphepha okanye uskrola kumxholo wombala.

Urhwebo-luyinyani. Imibala ibonakala ihlanjiwe xa ithelekiswa ne-LCD okanye i-OLED. Ukwahlulelwa kulinganiselwe. Isisombululo sombala we-150 PPI sithetha ukuba iinkcukacha zombala ezintle zibonakala zithambile. Ukufundwa kokukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo-e{7}}isici sokubulala i-inki{8}}kuthotyiwe noko kuba isihluzo sombala sifunxa ukukhanya.

Iimodyuli ze-Kaleido ezi-3 zixabisa kakhulu50–80% ngaphezulukuneephaneli zemonochrome ezilinganayo. Iphaneli ye-7-intshi ye-Kaleido 3 inokubiza i-$50–$70 apho ipaneli ye-monochrome ixabisa i-$30–$40. Iprimiyamu ibalulekile kodwa ayithinteli, yiyo loo nto uKaleido evele kwizixhobo zabathengi ezifana noMbala weKobo Libra kunye neemodeli ezahlukeneyo zemibala yeBox.

Igalari 3

Igalari 3yindlela eyahlukileyo ngesiseko, kwaye iyalela amaxabiso ngokwahlukileyo. Endaweni yokucoca ukukhanya okumhlophe ngoluhlu lwemibala, iGalari 3 isebenzisa inkqubo emine{2}}yebala lebala{3}}icyan, imagenta, emthubi, namhlophe{4}}epakishwe kwimicrocapsule nganye. Ipixel nganye iqulathe zone ii-pigments, ezinokuthi zishenxiswe ngokukhethiweyo kwindawo yokujonga ngolandelelwano lwamabala ombane olwahlukileyo.

Akukho hluzo lombala olufunekayo. Isiphumo: malunga50,000 imibala ngokupheleleyo 300 PPIisisombululo kuwo wonke umboniso. Imifanekiso yemibala icace kakhulu kuneKaleido. Itekhnoloji isondela kwinto onokuthi "ilungile ngokwaneleyo" ukuzala kombala kwiimeko ezininzi zokusetyenziswa.

Urhwebo{0} lucimile lukhawuleza. Ukuhambisa iintlobo ezine zebala lebala kwindawo ezichanekileyo kuthatha ixesha. -Umgangatho ogcweleyo wokuhlaziya umbala unokuthatha ukuya kuthi ga kwimizuzwana eyi-1.5. Iindlela zokuhlaziya ngokukhawuleza zikhona kodwa ukuncama ukuchaneka kombala. Awubukeli vidiyo kwiGalari 3 umboniso. Awuskroli kakuhle kuxwebhu lombala.

Igalari 3 iiphaneli zigcinelwe izicelo premium. I-E Ink ayipapashi amaxabiso, kwaye iimveliso ezigqityiweyo zisebenzisa iGalari 3 azifane zikhuphe iindleko zephaneli. Kodwa ubungqina bucacile kumaxabiso okuthengisa: umbala we-e{4}}nowuthi iipilisi usebenzisa iGalari 3 iyala i-$500–$800 yeeprimiyamu ngaphezu kwemilinganiselo ye-monochrome eneempawu ezifanayo. A reMarkable 2 iindleko $450. Isixhobo esithelekisayo seGalari ye-3 sixabisa i-900 yeedola okanye ngaphezulu.

ISpectra 6

Kwaye ke kukhoISpectra 6, ejolise kwimarike eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo: imiqondiso kunye nemiboniso yokuthengisa. Itekhnoloji isebenzisa-imibala ephumayo emithandathu-kulwakhiwo lwe-pigment microcup emine, elungiselelwe{3}}indlela yokubonisa enkulu etshintsha rhoqo. Cinga iimpawu zokuthengisa zevenkile yegrosari, ulwazi lwesikhululo seenqwelomoya imiboniso, iilebhile zomboniso wemyuziyam{5}}usetyenziso apho ufuna umbala, ubungakanani, kunye nosetyenziso lwamandla oluqanda phakathi kohlaziyo. Ubukhulu bephaneli bufikelela kwi-intshi ezingama-75 ngo-2025. Amaxabiso abaleka kumawaka eedola. Ukuthengiswa kwenzeka kuphela ngeetshaneli ze-B2B ezineekhontrakthi ekuxoxiswene ngazo, izibophelelo zevolumu, kunye neenkonzo zokudityaniswa kwesiko.

Ukuba ufunda eli nqaku uzama ukufumana indlela yokuthenga iphaneli yeSpectra 6 yeprojekthi yakho, impendulo yile: awunokwazi, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo awunakukwazi ukuyihlawula.

Yintoni abaThengi abohlukeneyo ngokwenene abahlawulayo

I-e-imakethi ye-inki inceda abathengi abohlukeneyo kakhulu ngamaxabiso ahlukeneyo. Apho uhlala khona kwi-hierarchy inquma ukuba uhlawula ntoni.

I-Hobbyist/Inqanaba loMenzi

Ukuba uzakhela iprojekthi yakho-ismart home display, i-e{1}}isikhululo semozulu sephepha, ufakelo lobugcisa{2}}uthenga eWaveshare, Adafruit, Good Display, okanye AliExpress. Ukuthenga kwakho okuqhelekileyo: i-2.9" ukuya kwi-7.5" ikiti yophuhliso enebhodi yomqhubi, iintambo zeribhoni, kunye nekhowudi yesampuli. Uluhlu lwamaxabiso:$15 ukuba $120kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye neempawu.

Ujongo lokwenyani: uhlawula amaxabiso okuthengisa ngemarkup epheleleyo. Wonke umntu ophakathi uthatha ikhefu. I-Waveshare ithenga iiphaneli kwi-E Ink (okanye abasasazi abagunyazisiweyo), yongeza i-electronics yabaqhubi, ibhala amaxwebhu, ibamba ukuthunyelwa, kwaye inikezela ngenkxaso yabathengi. Konke oko kubiza imali.

I-7.5-intshi yeWaveshare ngemibala emithathu ixabisa i-$50–$90 kuxhomekeke apho uyithenga khona. Kwaloo phaneli, xa ithengwe yiAmazon ngezixa zezigidi, mhlawumbi ixabisa ngaphantsi kweedola ezingama-20 kubandakanya nomqhubi we-elektroniki. Uhlawula i-premium ye-3× ukuya kwi-4× ngelungelo lokuthenga iyunithi enye ngexesha.

Oku akulunganga-kuncinci{1}}ubungakanani bosasazo kuneendleko zokwenyani. Kodwa kuthetha ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-hobbyist ludliwa ngokukhawuleza. Ukwakha iipaneli-ezine ze-e{5}}zedeshibhodi yeinki zinokuxabisa i-$300 kwiiphaneli zodwa.

Inqanaba leMveliso encinci

Nje ukuba uodole 100–1,000 yeeyunithi zeprototyping okanye -imveliso encinci, umdlalo uyatshintsha. Usebenza ngabasasazi, ababoneleli be-Alibaba, okanye uzama ukuqhagamshelana ngokuthe ngqo nomzi-mveliso. Amaxabiso adla ngokuqhuba20–40% ngaphantsi kweevenkilekule miqulu. Iphaneli exabisa i-60 yeedola kwi-Waveshare inokufumaneka kwi-40 yeedola ukuya kwi-45 yeedola ngobudlelwane bomthengisi.

Kodwa inyaniso iba nzima. Iingcaphuno zifuna iiNDA{1}}ababoneleli abafuni abantu bakhuphisana bazi amaxabiso abo. Ubuncinci bobungakanani beodolo budala imiqobo: unokufuna ukuzinikela kwiiyunithi ezingama-500 ukuze ufumane ixabiso elilungileyo, kodwa udinga kuphela ama-200 kwimveliso yakho yokuqala. Amaxesha okukhokela adlulela kwiiveki okanye iinyanga. Ukuhambelana komgangatho kuba yingxaki yakho.

Abathengi abancinci abanakho amandla. I-E Ink ayikhathali malunga ne-odolo yeyunithi engama-500. Bathengisa izigidi zeepaneli eAmazon. Ishishini lakho liphila okanye liyafa ngokusekwe kwizigqibo zokwabelwa ezenzelwe abathengi izihlandlo eziliwaka lobungakanani bakho.

Ishishini/Inqanaba le-OEM

Ngeeyunithi ezili-10,{1}} ngonyaka, ujongene ngqo nabameli beentengiso ze-E Ink okanye amaqabane agunyazisiweyo avelisayo. Uqikelelo lweshishini lucebisa ukuba ii-OEMs ezinkulu zihlawule$10–$15 ukuba ipaneli 6-intshi- xa kuthelekiswa ne-$30–$60 kwintengiso. Amaxabiso omthamo yinyani, kwaye umsantsa mkhulu kakhulu.

IAmazon, iKobo, iRakuten, kunye nabathengisi abakhulu be-ESL abanje ngePricer kunye neSES-imagotag isebenza kweli nqanaba. Bathethathethana -ngeekhontrakthi zeminyaka emininzi, ulwabiwo oluqinisekisiweyo, iinkcukacha zesiqhelo, kunye namaxabiso abathengi abangasokuze balibone. Umsantsa phakathi kwamaxabiso okuthengisa nomthamo ungagqitha kuma-70%.

Obu budlelwane bukwaza nezibophelelo: izibophelelo zevolumu, ubuhlakani bophuhliso, ngamanye amaxesha iifestile ezikhethekileyo kwitekhnoloji entsha. Xa i-E Ink isungula ubungakanani bepaneli entsha okanye itekhnoloji yombala, ii-OEMs ezinkulu zihlala zifumana ufikelelo lokuqala.

Ukuba uzama ukuphehlelela inkampani yomfundi e{0}} kwaye ukhuphisane namaxabiso e-Kindle, qonda ukuba awukhuphisani nje nebrand ye-Amazon kunye ne-ecosystem. Ukhuphisana neendleko zecandelo labo, ezinokuthi zibe ngaphantsi kwama-50–70% kunezakho.

Imarike yesibini

Kukwakho nentengiso yesithunzi ye-e{0}}iphaneli ze-inki abangaze bazithathele ingqalelo abathengi abaninzi: izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nentsalela. Imithombo ibandakanya ii-Kindles ezihlaziyiweyo kunye ne-Kobos (izikrini zihlala zidlula izixhobo), iisistim eziyekiweyo zeeleyibhile ze-electronic shelf (uphuculo lweevenkile kunye nokulahla i-hardware endala), uluhlu lwempahla oluthe kratya olusuka kwiiprojekthi ezicinyiweyo, kunye nokugqithiswa kwemveliso.

Amaxabiso ayaqhubaI-30-50% yexabiso elitsha lephaneli. Iphaneli yee-intshi ezi-6 exabisa i-$40 entsha inokufumaneka nge-$15–$20 kumenzi wokurisayikilisha.

Urhwebo-lubalulekile. Akukho siqinisekiso{2} ukuba indawo yolawulo ineziphene, utya ilahleko. Ukuthotywa okunokwenzeka{4}}e{5}}iiphaneli ze-inki zinokuphuhlisa ipixels ezincamatheleyo okanye umahluko ongalinganiyo ekuhambeni kwexesha kunye nokusetyenziswa. Imbali engaziwa{7}}awazi ukuba mingaphi imijikelo yokuhlaziya ipaneli efunyenweyo okanye ukuba igcinwe njani.

Okona kubalulekileyo, iiphaneli ezisetyenzisiweyo zifuna uphuhliso lomqhubi wesiko. Awuyifumani ikiti yophuhliso ecocekileyo enamaxwebhu. Ufumana ipaneli engenanto, mhlawumbi ngesiqhagamshelo seribhoni, kwaye kufuneka uqikelele ipinout, ukuqhuba iifom zamaza, kunye nolandelelwano lokuqalisa ngokwakho.

Le marike ilungele kuphela abaphuhlisi be-hardware abanamava kunye ne-oscilloscopes, umonde, kunye nokunyamezela ukusilela. Ayiyonto yabantu abathanda ukuzihoya bakha iprojekthi yabo yokuqala ye-e{1}}yamaphepha.

Amaxabiso eMveliso agqityiweyo

Iiphaneli ezingenanto ziyinto enye. Izixhobo ezigqityiweyo zezona abathengi abaninzi abazithengayo, kwaye amaxabiso abonisa ngaphezulu kwexabiso lephaneli.

Egqityiweyo -umfundi okanye i-e{1}}isixhobo senqaku siquka i-e{2}}iphaneli ye-inki, kodwa kwakhona: iprosesa (eqhelekile yi-ARM{3}} esekwe), i-RAM kunye nogcino, ibhetri, umaleko wokuchukumisa (i-capacitive okanye i-electromagnetic), inkqubo yokukhanya yangaphambili, iplastiki okanye i-aluminiyam ebiyelweyo, amaqhosha kunye namazibuko, uphuhliso lwesoftware, i-margintailer yolawulo kunye ne-regulatory margintaging.

Iindleko zephaneli zingamelaI-20-40% yebhili yezixhobokwisixhobo somthengi. Yonke enye into iyadibanisa.

E{0}Abafundi ($100–$280)

I-Kindle Paperwhite kunye no-Kobo Clara babambe$ 100- $ 180 uluhlueyesiseko monochrome 6-intshi e{3}}abafundi. Iimpawu eziphambili{{4}izibane ezishushu, indawo yokugcina enkulu, ukuthintela amanzi{6}ukutyhala ukuya kwisiphelo esiphezulu. Umbala we-e-readers njengoMbala we-Kobo Libra ufikile kwi$ 200- $ 280 uluhlu, usebenzisa iteknoloji yeKaleido. I-~$100 yeprimiyamu ngaphezulu kwe-monochrome elinganayo ibonisa zombini ukonyuka kweendleko zephaneli kunye nento entsha.

Ngala maxabiso, e{0}}abafundi baye bafikeleleka ngokwenyani kubafundi abaninzi. I-Kindle Paperwhite ixabisa ngaphantsi kweshumi elinesibini leencwadi ezinoqweqwe olulukhuni. Isindululo sexabiso sicacile, nange{3}}iprimiyamu yeinki ngaphezulu kweLCD.

E-Qaphela amacwecwe ($400–$900)

Apha kulapho amaxabiso enyuka kakhulu kwi-e{0}}nowuthi tablet. I-Remarkable 2 ixabisa malunga$450. Uthotho lwe-Boox Note Air luqhuba$400–$500. Izixhobo zeSupernote zikwindawo efanayo. Ngee-intshi eziyi-10.3, ezi zizixhobo zobuchwephesha ezithengiswe ngakwinqaku-kubathathi, izifundiswa, kunye nabasebenzisi beshishini abafuna iphepha{4}}njengamava okubhala.

Isindululo sexabiso asibonakali kancinci apha. I- $450 ye-e{2}}inqaku lecwecwe likhuphisana ngokuchasene nesiseko se-iPad esiyi-$329 esenza yonke into{4}}yenqaku eliyenzayo, kunye nezigidi zezinye izinto. -qaphela abathengi bahlawulela ngokukodwa iphepha{7}}njengamava, isiphazamiso{8}}esingqongileyo esikhululekileyo, kunye nokuncipha kwamehlo.

Enkulu-ifomati 13.3{2}}intshizi ye-e-nowuthi tyhala kwi$ 550-800 $ uluhlu. Iinguqulelo zombala{1}}zisebenzisa iGalari 3-zinokugqithisa$900. Ngala maxabiso, uthenga isixhobo esikhethekileyo sokuhamba komsebenzi okukhethekileyo. Imarike incinci kodwa izinikele.

E{0}}Iinki Monitor ($500–$2,500)

E-abahloli be-inki bamele elona xabiso ligqithisileyo{1}}uku{2}}kubalo lwexabiso kwimarike iphela. 10.3-intshi Dasung Paperlike 103 iindleko$500–$800. Le yimonitha yesibini ubungakanani bethebhulethi enkulu, ilungele ukubonisa amaxwebhu okanye imathiriyeli yereferensi ngelixa usebenza kwiscreen sokuqala. Iimonitha eziyi-13.3-ezisuka kwi-Boox (Mira series) kunye ne-Dasung (HD-FT) zibaleka$800–$1,200. Ngobu bukhulu, ungafunda ngokufanelekileyo amaxwebhu apheleleyo, uhlele okubhaliweyo, okanye ukhangele iiwebhusayithi{1}}ukuba uyakwazi ukunyamezela izinga lohlaziyo.

Iimonitha zedesktop ezingama-25.3-intshi ziimveliso zeflegi: Dasung Paperlike 253 at$2,250, I-Boox Mira Pro ngamaxabiso afanayo, iinguqulelo zemibala zityhalela ngakwicala$2,500.

I-$ 2,250 ikuthenga kakhulu kwimarike yokubonisa. Imonitha ye-32-intshi ye-4K ye-OLED ene-120Hz yokuhlaziya, inkxaso ye-HDR, kunye nezigidi zemibala: malunga ne-900 yeedola. I-27-intshi yobuchwephesha bokuhlela ifoto enokulinganisa umbala wefektri: malunga ne-700 yeedola. I-49-intshi ye-ultrawide egobileyo yokudlala egobileyo: malunga ne-800 yeedola.

Ngexabiso le-25.3-intshi e{2}}imonitha ye-inki enye, ungathenga ii-OLED zodidi oluphezulu ezimbini kwaye ube nemali eseleyo.

E{0}}abahloli be-inki abakhuphisani ngexabiso. Abakhuphisani ngeempawu. Bathengisela abathengi abaneemfuno ezithile-ukunciphisa ukudinwa kwamehlo, iphepha{4}}elifana nobuhle, ukuphelisa ilitha{5}}abangenazo ezinye iindlela. Abavelisi bayakwazi oku. Amaxabiso ayayibonakalisa.

Iindleko Ezifihlakeleyo Akukho mntu Ukuxelela Ngazo

Ukuba wakha imveliso nge{0}}inki{1}}ungathengi isixhobo esigqityiweyo, kodwa ukuphuhlisa into entsha{2}}ixabiso lephaneli sisiqalo nje.

Ii-Electronics zomqhubi

Iiphaneli ze-inki ekrwada{0}azamkeli amagalelo alula edijithali. Zifuna iibhodi zesilawuli ezikwaziyo ukuvelisa iifomati zamaza ezintsonkothileyo{2}}ngokuchanekileyo ulandelelwano lwamandla ombane olubekwe ngexesha elihambisa amasuntswana epigment etshajiweyo ngaphakathi kwemicrocapsules. Ngaphandle{4}}kwi{5}}izilawuli zikhona. I-IT8951 iqhelekile kwiipaneli ezinkulu. Abalawuli abahlukeneyo abavela kwiSiboniso esiLungileyo kunye neWaveshare baphatha iisayizi ezincinci. Ezi zongeza$10–$50kwibhili yakho yemathiriyeli, ngokuxhomekeke kwisisombululo kunye neempawu. Uphuhliso lomqhubi ngokwesiko{1}}ukuba ufuna iimpawu ezithile, ixabiso eliphantsi ngevolumu, okanye iimeko ezincinci zefomu{2}}yongeza iiveki zexesha lobunjineli. Udinga iinjineli zehardware eziqondayo{4}}ukutshintsha kwevoltage ephezulu, imiqobo yexesha, kunye nolawulo lwe-EMI. Obu buchule abuqhelekanga.

Uphuhliso lweWaveform

Kwaye kukho i-waveform tuning{0}le lelona candelo lifumana abantu. -Iziboniso ze-inki azivele zivule okanye zicime ipixels. Uhlaziyo ngalunye lubandakanya ulandelelwano olulungelelanisiweyo olulungelelanisiweyo lwe-voltage pulses ekufuneka luchaze ubume be-pixel yangaphambili, imeko entsha efunekayo, ubushushu, kunye nomgangatho womfanekiso ofunekayo.

Ezi thebhile zokujonga i-waveform yi-sauce eyimfihlo ye-e{0}}i-inki yokubonisa umgangatho. Iifom zamaza ezilungileyo zivelisa umbhalo ococekileyo kunye nesiporho esincinci. Iifom zamaza ezimbi zivelisa imifanekiso eludaka, izinto zakudala ezibonakalayo, kunye nokunxiba kwepixel kwangaphambi kwexesha.

Uphuhliso lweWaveform alubhalwanga.Akukho nkcazo yoluntu. Akukho fomati isemgangathweni. Obu bubugcisa obumnyama obufunyenwe ngolingo kunye nempazamo, izixhobo{2}}ukwenza iimpawu ezinzulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uthethathethwano oluxabisa imali eninzi ne-E Ink okanye amaqabane agunyazisiweyo.

Iinkampani ezinje ngokuBonisa okuLungileyo kunye neWaveshare zibonelela{0}}ngeenguqu ezilungiselelwe kwangaphambili kunye nezixhobo zabo zophuhliso. Oku kusebenza kakuhle kwiprototyping kunye{2}}nemveliso encinci. Uphumezo olulungiselelweyo-iimeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo, iipaneli ezahlukeneyo, iindlela zokuhlaziya eziphuculweyo{5}}zifuna umva ubunjineli obukhoyo beeforms okanye ukuphuhlisa ezintsha ukusuka ekuqaleni.

Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukudityaniswa kweTouch

Uninzi lwabathengi be-e{0}}izixhobo ze-inki ziquka igalelo lokuchukumisa, nokuba yi-capacitive (ukubanjwa kweminwe) okanye i-electromagnetic (isimbo, kusetyenziswa iWacom okanye iteknoloji yedigitizer efanayo). Iileyiti zokuchukumisa azifakwanga kumaxabiso ephaneli yesiseko. Ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo ekufuneka adityaniswe kumboniso, alinganiswe, kwaye adityaniswe nesoftware yakho. Capacitive touch integration yongeza20–30%kwiindleko zephaneli. Iphaneli ye-$50 iba yi-$60–$65 ngokucofa. Ukudityaniswa kwe-electromagnetic digitizer{5}}kuyafuneka ukuze kufakwe isimbo esichanekileyo kwi-e{6}}nowuthi usetyenziso{7}longeza iipremiyamu ezifanayo, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu.

IiNkqubo zokuKhanya okuPhambili

E{0}}i-inki ebonisayo iyabonisa. Bakhangeleka bebakhulu ekukhanyeni okungqongileyo kodwa bangabi namsebenzi ebumnyameni. Uninzi lwezixhobo zabathengi zibandakanya ukukhanya kwangaphambili ukulungisa lo mda. Iisistim zokukhanya zangaphambili zisebenzisa udini{4}}ii-LED ezinyusiweyo kunye nezikhokelo zokukhanya ukusasaza ukhanyiso kumphezulu womboniso. -izibane zangaphambili eziyilwe kakuhle azibonakali xa zicinyiwe kwaye zibonelela nangokukhanya xa zisebenza. Izibane zangaphambili eziyilwe kakubi zenza iindawo ezishushu ezibonakalayo, ukuqaqamba okungalinganiyo, kunye nemitha ephazamisayo. Iimodyuli zokukhanya zangaphambili zongeza$5–$20ngeyunithi nganye ngokuxhomekeke kumgangatho kunye neempawu ezifana nohlengahlengiso lobushushu bombala. Udibaniso loyilo{1}}ukuqinisekisa iibhondi zesikhokelo sokukhanya ngokufanelekileyo kwisiboniso ngaphandle kokuchaphazela umgangatho wokukhanya{2}} kufuna ubunjineli obongezelelweyo.

Supply Chain Risk

Mhlawumbi elona xabiso libalulekileyo lifihliweyo:enye-yokuxhomekeka komthombo. I-E Ink Holdings ngumboneleli wakho kuphela wemiboniso ye-electrophoretic. Ukuba banengxaki yemveliso, unengxaki yemveliso. Ukuba amaxabiso abo anyuka, imida yakho iyancipha. Ukuba imfuno evela kubathengi abakhulu (iAmazon, abathengisi abaphambili be-ESL) isebenzisa ulwabiwo olukhoyo, iiodolo zakho ziyatyhilwa.

Akukho kubuya umva. Akukho mthombo wesibini. Akukho mboneleli ongomnye onokufaneleka ngexesha lokunqongophala.

Iinkampani zehardware ezilumkileyo zakha ubudlelwane nababoneleli abaninzi kumacandelo abalulekileyo. Nge-e{1}i-inki, oku akunakwenzeka. Ikhonkco lakho lobonelelo linenqaku elinye lokusilela, lilawulwa yinkampani enomdla onokuthi ungahambelani neyakho.

Kwenzeka Ntoni Ngokulandelayo

Ukuqikelela ikamva kuyingozi. Ukuqikelela ikamva lemonopoly{1}imarike elawulwayo kuphindwe kabini. Kodwa ezinye iindlela zibonakala zinokwenzeka.

Kufuphi-iXesha (iminyaka eyi-1–2)

Kunyaka ozayo okanye emibini, amaxabiso ephaneli yombala aya kuhla kancinci njengoko iKaleido 3 isikali sokuvelisa. Itekhnoloji ikhule ngokwaneleyo kwimveliso yobuninzi, kwaye ukhuphiswano phakathi kwabavelisi bezixhobo kufuneka benze uxinzelelo lwexabiso. Enkulu-imiboniso yefomathi ngaphezulu kwe-intshi ezingama-25 iya kungena phezulu{5}}kwimveliso yevolumu. Iimonitha ezingama-25.3-ezikwi-intshi okwangoku ezithengiswayo ziyimfuneko yesandla{13}}imveliso yepremiyamu eyakhelweyo. Njengoko imveliso ibeka emgangathweni, amaxabiso angehla nge-10-20%. Imarike yeshelufa ye-electronic shelf iqhubeleka ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza, iqhuba imfuno epheleleyo yee-e{15}}zepaneli ze-inki. Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi zekamva letekhnoloji, nangona ukukhula kwe-ESL kunceda ikakhulu kwimveliso yeepaneli ezincinci kunobungakanani obujoliswe kubathengi.

Akukho kuphazamiseka kwexabiso okubalulekileyo ekufuneka kulindelwe ngeli xesha. Imonopoly ye-E Ink ihlala ikhuselekile. Utyalo-mali lwemveliso luthatha iminyaka ukwenzeka. Akukho nto ikufuphi{3}}kwixesha elisondeleyo esongela ubume bexesha.

Phakathi-Ixesha eliPhakathi (3–5 iminyaka)

Kunyaka wesithathu, amalungelo awongezelelweyo awongezelelweyo azakuphelelwa, okuvula amathuba okhuphiswano. Nokuba nabani na uyakuxhaphaza la mathuba akuqinisekwanga.

abakhuphisana Chinesebonisa esona sisongelo sikhoyo kulawulo lwe-E Ink. I-Guangzhou OED iphuhlise itekhnoloji ye-electrophoretic iminyaka kunye nempumelelo elinganiselweyo yorhwebo. I-BOE-oyena mvelisi mkhulu wehlabathi obonisayo{3}}ityale imali kwi-DES (i-Digital Electrophoretic System) ubuchwephesha obunokubanakho ukukhuphisana ne-E Ink yeminikelo.

Ukuba aba bakhuphisani bafikelela kwimpumelelo yorhwebo{{0}enkulu ukuba-amaxabiso anokwehla nge-20–30% njengoko abavelisi besixhobo befumana impembelelo yothethathethwano. Ukhuphiswano aludingi kubamba uninzi lwesabelo semarike ukuchaphazela amaxabiso; ubukho nje benye indlela ethembekileyo kutshintsha uthethathethwano oluguquguqukayo.

Iindleko ze-e{0}}eziguquguqukayo kufuneka zehle njengoko iinkqubo zokwenziwa zikhula. Iiphaneli eziguquguqukayo ngoku ziyalela iiprimiyamu ezibalulekileyo ngaphezu kweglasi eqinileyo{2}}imiboniso esemva. Ezi premiums zinokucutheka njengezikali zemveliso.

Iinguqu ezingaziwayo

Kodwa akukho mntu unokuxela kwangaphambili:Ngaba i-BOE okanye ezinye ii-giants zokubonisa zityala imali ngokunzulu kwitekhnoloji ye-electrophoretic?I-BOE inamandla okuvelisa, italente yobunjineli, kunye nemithombo yemali yokucela umngeni we-E Ink ngokuthe ngqo. Kodwa i-e{1}iphepha yimarike encinci ngokwemigangatho ye-BOE. Imakethi yebhiliyoni e-1 yeedola yimpazamo ejikelezayo kwinkampani ene-$30+ yebhiliyoni kwingeniso yonyaka. Imeko yeqhinga lotyalo-mali olukhulu ayicacanga.

Ngaba obunye ubuchwephesha bufumana impumelelo kwezorhwebo?I-LCD yeCholesteric ibonelela nge{0}iphepha{1}}ezifana neempawu (i-bistable, ebonakalisayo) eneendleko ezisezantsi zokwenziwa. Imiboniso ye-Electrowetting yathembisa kakhulu kodwa ihanjiswa kancinci ngokwentengiso. Itekhnoloji entsha inokuvela. Nokuba nayiphi na inokuhambelana ne-e-indibaniselwano ye-inki yeempawu-ukuchasana, ukuqina, i-engile yokujonga, ubhetyebhetye{7}}kusala kubonwa.

Ngaba i-E Ink iza kuwathoba amaxabiso kwangaphambili ukukhusela isabelo semarike?Amamonopolists ajongene nokhuphiswano olunokwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha anciphisa amaxabiso ngobuchule, amkele imida esezantsi ukutyhafisa utyalo-mali ngabo banokuba ngabakhuphisani. I-E I-inki inokuthoba amaxabiso ngama-20–30% kwaye ihlale inengeniso. Ngaba babeza kuncama umda ukuze balondoloze igunya labo? Isigqibo asiloqoqosho kuphela{4} sibandakanya ithiyori yomdlalo, iqhinga loshishino, kunye novavanyo lwezoyikiso ezikhuphisanayo abantu bangaphandle abangakwaziyo ukuzivavanya.

Ngaba i-Apple, i-Samsung, okanye abanye abadlali abakhulu baya kungena emarikeni?Inkampani enkulu yabathengi bezinto zombane iphuhlisa{0}imveliso ze-inki ezinobuzaza zinokubumba kwakhona lonke isixokelelwano sonikezelo. Umdla we-Apple kwi-e{2}}iphepha sele inamarhe iminyaka kungekho nto ibonakalayo. Isamsung inobuchwephesha bokwenza umboniso wokukhuphisana ne-E Ink ngokuthe ngqo ukuba iyakhuthazwa. Akukho namnye owenza iintshukumo ezinentsingiselo kweli cala.

Uvavanyo olunyanisekileyo: akukho mntu waziyo. Esona siphumo sinokwenzeka kukuguquka kancinci kancinci{1}}ehle kancinane amaxabiso, ngokucothayo uphucula ubuchwepheshe, ngokucothayo ukwandisa izicelo{2}}kunokuphazamiseka okukhulu. Kodwa ukuphazamiseka, ukuba kuyafika, kunokuza ngokukhawuleza.

E{0}}ixabiso lokubonisa i-inki alimiselwa ngokuntsokotha kwemveliso, iindleko zemathiriyeli, okanye ubunzulu bobuchwepheshe. Kumiselwa yimeko yemarike.

Inkampani enye ilawula unikezelo. Ukhuphiswano lwe patent block. Imarike incinci kakhulu ukutsala abaceli mngeni abaxhaswa kakuhle nge{2}. Amaxabiso ahlala ephezulu kuba akukho nto iwanyanzela ukuba athobe.

Kubathengi, oku kudala ukubala okulula:

Ngaphantsi kweedola ezingama-50ikufumana iimodyuli ezincinci zophuhliso -2.9" ukuya ku-5.8"{4}}yeprototyping, iiprojekthi ze-IoT, nokufunda. Kweli nqanaba lexabiso, i-e{6}}i-inki iyavakala kwiiprojekthi ze-hobbyist nkqu neprimiyamu ngaphezulu kwe-LCD. Iimpawu ezizodwa{7}zephepha{8}}ezifana nenkangeleko, ukuqina, ukufundeka emini-zithethelela iindleko zezicelo ezifanelekileyo.

$100–$300iquka i-e{0}}abafundi kunye nezixhobo ezisisiseko ze-e{1}}nowuthi. Imakethi ye-6-ye-intshi ye-e-reader ifikelele ekuvuthweni kokwenyani kunye namaxabiso afanelekileyo. Ukuba ufuna isixhobo sokufunda esizinikeleyo, isindululo sexabiso siqinile.

$400–$800ithenga iitafile ze-e{0}}nowuthi kunye nee-e{1}}imonitha ezincinci ze-inki. Uhlawula iipremiyamu ezinkulu zephepha{3}}njengamava okubhala kunye nokunciphisa iliso{4}}lokucutha ubunzima. Ezi zizixhobo zokusebenza ezithile, hayi ngokubanzi{6}izixhobo zenjongo.

$1,500–$2,500yidesktop e{0}}indawo yokujonga i-inki. Abathengi kweli nqanaba banezidingo ezithile-imiba yoxinzelelo olukhulu lwamehlo, ukhetho olukhethekileyo lobuhle, usetyenziso lobuchwephesha olufuna iphepha{3}}elifana nemiboniso{4}}kwaye akukho ndlela yimbi. Amaxabiso abonisa imfuno ebanjiweyo.

$3,000 nangaphezuluimele-imiboniso yefomati ekhethekileyo ekhethekileyo, usetyenziso lwemizi-mveliso esilulo, kunye nezisombululo zemiqondiso yedijithali. Oku kukuthengwa kwamashishini kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwamashishini, uthethathethwano malunga namajelo e-B2B.

La maxabiso akalunganga. Azisebenzi kakuhle. Azibonakalisi kwiindleko zokwenziwa kwetekhnoloji kwizinga elifanelekileyo. Ziindleko zokuthenga kwi-monopoly kwimarike apho kungekho mntu wakhe enye indlela esebenzayo.

Umbuzo awungowokuba i-e{0}}iziboniso ze-inki ziyabiza. Banjalo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo.

Umbuzo ngowokuba ingaba nabani na uyakukwaphula ukubamba kwe-E Ink Holdings kwimarike phambi kokuba itekhnoloji iphelelwe lixesha-ithatyathwe bubuchwephesha bexesha elizayo obubonelela nge-{1}}inzuzo zephepha ngaphandle kwemiqobo kwaye ngaphandle kwamaxabiso ayo awodwa.